Poem - "Gyps - e"

 

"Gyps  -  e"

For Jimmy and Jane

Gyps - e, Gyps - e,

What a pretty name,

Gyps - e, Gyps - e,

I would like the same.

How I miss, to feel the joy,

More than just, a little toy,

Strumming fingers all the while,

Humming tunes that make me smile.

Gyps - e, Gyps - e,

Don't forget your name,

Gyps - e, Gyps - e,

Life without you's not the same.

text (c) Katherine Stuart 2020

Dochas Books Film

Basic Graphics #6 - Arc

6.  ARC

 

 

SAVE AS

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>> n = 200/57.35

>>> a = n/2

>>>

>>> def Square():

       for i in range(4):

           Pt.forward(200)

           Pt.right(90)

 

         

>>> def Arc():

       Pt.forward(a)

       Pt.right(1)

       for i in range(89):

           Pt.forward(n)

           Pt.right(1)

       Pt.forward(a)

>>>

>>> Square()

>>>

>>> Pt.forward(200)

>>> Pt.right(90)

>>>

>>> Arc()

>>>

>>>

>>> turtle.done()

>>> 

SAVE

 

 

This arc mechanism

turns    CLOCKWISE

For any arc

n = radius/57.35

a = n/2

 

def Arc():

   Pt.forward(a)

   Pt.right(1)

   for i in range(number    

   of degrees - 1):

       Pt.forward(n)

       Pt.right(1)

   Pt.forward(a)

 

 

57.35    is the number that gives a correct proportion for the chord, n, 

subtending 1° in this python shell, 

because of the way the point moves in the deeper levels of the program. 

See maths theory for the meaning of “subtending”, and, 

1° turn outside of circle = 1° turn at centre of circle.

Note: If this number doesn't work on your python shell,

just tweak it until the circle moves exactly on top of all four intercepts 

with the four quadrant square. (See below)

MAKING THE ARC

 

 

This involves understanding,

how to move the point.

It is very difficult to move the point

in an actual arc.

So, the point is moved in a series of chords, which are -

 

n    pixels in length

1    degree to the right

        a small enough change for your eye

        not to see the small chords, but,

        interpret them as an arc

a    is half of    n

        use once at the start

        and once at the end of the arc    

        to centre the chords at those points

        2  x  a    is one chord

USING MATHEMATICAL EQUATIONS

 

 

Mathematical equations can be used in computer programs.

 

Here, these equations are being used –

 

n = 200/57.35

a = n/2

 

+     plus

-      minus

*     multiply

/      divide

( )    parentheses

 

They can be written in anywhere in the program.

But, keep in mind, that the computer will not understand it, 

unless it is placed BEFORE it needs to be used.

  

In –

ARC    &    CIRCLE

 

The equations have been written near the beginning of the program.

And, the computer will use them for the whole program.

 

In –

SQUARE-ARC    &    GRID-CIRCLE

 

The equations have been written into the mechanisms, themselves,

SquareArc()    &    GridCircle()

And, the computer will only use the equations for the mechanism that they are in.

 

THE CIRCLE

 

SAVE AS

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>> n = 200/57.35

>>> a = n/2

>>>

>>> def Grid():

     for i in range(4):

         for i in range(4):

             Pt.forward(200)

             Pt.right(90)

         Pt.right(90)

 

          

>>> def Circle():

     Pt.forward(a)

     Pt.right(1)

     for i in range(359):

         Pt.forward(n)

         Pt.right(1)

     Pt.forward(a)

 

    

>>>

>>> Grid()

>>>

>>> Pt.forward(200)

>>> Pt.right(90)

>>>

>>> Circle()

>>>

>>>

>>> turtle.done()

>>> 

SAVE

 

 

Grid()

This is the Four Squares mechanism –

def Grid():

   for i in range(4):

       for i in range(4):           

           Pt.forward(number 

           of pixels)

           Pt.right(90)

       Pt.right(90)

 

Circle()

This is the arc mechanism using,

(360  -  1)    degrees -

n = radius/57.35

a = n/2

def Circle():

    Pt.forward(a)

    Pt.right(1)

    for i in range(359):

        Pt.forward(n)

        Pt.right(1)

    Pt.forward(a)

SQUARE-ARC 

 

SAVE AS

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>>

>>> def SquareArc():

       n = 200/57.35

       a = n/2

       for i in range(5):

           Pt.forward(200)

           Pt.right(90)

       Pt.forward(a)

       Pt.right(1)

       for i in range(89):

           Pt.forward(n)

           Pt.right(1)

       Pt.forward(a)

>>> 

>>> SquareArc()

>>>

>>>

>>> turtle.done()

>>> 

SAVE

 

Joining the Square() mechanism and the Arc() mechanism -

def SquareArc():

   n = radius/57.35

   a = n/2

   for i in range(5):

       Pt.forward(number of

       pixels)

       Pt.right(90)

   Pt.forward(a)

   Pt.right(1)

   for i in range(89):

       Pt.forward(n)

       Pt.right(1)

   Pt.forward(a)

GRID-CIRCLE

 

 

SAVE AS

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>>

>>> def GridCircle():

     n = 200/57.35

     a = n/2

     for i in range(4):

         for i in range(4):

             Pt.forward(200)

             Pt.right(90)

         Pt.right(90)

     Pt.forward(200)

     Pt.right(90)

     Pt.forward(a)

     Pt.right(1)

     for i in range(359):

         Pt.forward(n)

         Pt.right(1)

     Pt.forward(a)

 

    

>>>

>>> GridCircle()

>>>

>>> 

>>> turtle.done()

>>> 

SAVE

 

 

Joining the Grid() mechanism and the Circle() mechanism -

def GridCircle():

   n = radius/57.35

   a = n/2

   for i in range(4):

       for i in range(4):  

           Pt.forward(number

           of pixels)

           Pt.right(90)

       Pt.right(90)

   Pt.forward(number of

   pixels)

   Pt.right(90)

   Pt.forward(a)

   Pt.right(1)

   for i in range(359):

       Pt.forward(n)

       Pt.right(1)

   Pt.forward(a)

(c) Katherine Stuart 2020

Dochas Books Film

Film - "The Navigator : A Medieval Odyssey" (1988)

What an interesting film.

And so very relevant 

to these times.

I would like to add something, though.

And bear in mind, that this is only 

my perspective.

Griffin, the navigator,

sees in his "dream",

an important event

in the history of his family,

which is triggered 

by their current dilemma,

having to face

the approach of the 1348

plague in England.

But, at the same time, this "dream" is a vision of their future.

The event in their history, concerns who they are and why they are in Cumbria.

They are mining for copper, and this has been their job for, it would seem, ever.

And they set up this area of mining, maybe 2,000 to 3,000 years ago,

as an outpost of a family that was based in what is now Turkey (Anatolia).

The Hattai.    Hat - ai,  "hat people", 

named as such, for their interest in making many different styles of hats.

I know this, because I am of the Hattai, and I am designing and making

different styles of knitted hats. 

Then a war came to the Hattai,

with their main mine in Anatolia being taken from them.

What followed was a period of quiet, probably of about 20 years.

But, this was when the Hittites were surreptitiously infiltrating the family.

Then, a greater war followed, where the Hittites attacked from within,

and also without, using allies to physically destroy the great houses,

killing prominent family members and enslaving the rest.

This dominance continued down a short line of Hittite kings,

but then came a frightening and devastating plague.

It wiped out the family in Anatolia,

only peripheral groups remained, including the group in Cumbria,

but also, I believe, the Basques in Spain and France, 

who were mining for gold.

The infected area of Anatolia,

became know as  "Phyrgia",    

Fear - gia.  (Think - Pangea),    a land of fear.

People were too afraid to live there for 400 years.

The isolated groups had to continue life on their own.

But, life becomes very narrow and difficult 

when you get cut off from the main line of your family.

Griffin has reached back into his family's past

to find those family members,

to help find a solution to the plague,

and so save his village from annihilation.

The family in Anatolia,

had 3 foundries, one of which was famous.

But, Griffin was also seeing towards this time.

And his piece of the puzzle will fit into place,

helping to solve the riddle of the pandemic.

text (c) Katherine Stuart 2020

Dochas Books Film

Basic Graphics #5 - Diagonal

Using  -  The Python Computer Language

                Turtle Graphics Library

5.  DIAGONAL

SAVE AS

 

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>> for i in range(4):

        Pt.forward(200)

        Pt.right(90)

 

    

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>>

>>> Pt.goto(200, -200)

>>>

>>> turtle.done()

>>> 

SAVE

 

Pt.goto(x,y)

    Enables Pt to go to  (x , y)  on the grid

DEFINING A PROCESS

 

 

We can combine a number of actions into one process,

to make it easier to repeat them a number of times.

 

This is called    “Defining”    a process.

 

So, this combination of actions –

for i in range(4):

     Pt.forward(200)

     Pt.right(90)

 

Can be defined as,

def square():

            for i in range(4):

          Pt.forward(200)

          Pt.right(90)

 

To define any process –

def name():

     actions

Definitions are descriptions,

and need to be written into the program,

before they need to be used,

so that the computer understands them.

 

 

When needing to use a defined process,

type in –

 

name()

 

 

THE STAR

 

SAVE AS

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>> def square():

       for i in range(4):

           Pt.forward(200)

           Pt.right(90)

 

         

>>> square()

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>> Pt.goto(200,-200)

>>> Pt.goto(0,0)

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>>

>>> square()

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>> Pt.goto(-200,-200)

>>> Pt.goto(0,0)

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>> 

>>> square()

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>> Pt.goto(-200,200)

>>> Pt.goto(0,0)

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>>

>>> square()

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>> Pt.goto(200,200)

>>> Pt.goto(0,0)

>>> Pt.right(45)

>>>

>>> turtle.done()

SAVE

(c) Katherine Stuart 2020

Dochas Books Film

Basic Graphics #4 - Square

Using - The Python Computer Language

              Turtle Graphics Library

4.  SQUARE

SAVE AS
 
>>> import turtle
>>>
>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()
>>>
>>> for i in range(4):
        Pt.forward(200)
        Pt.right(90)
 
    
>>>
>>> turtle.done()
>>> 
 
SAVE

For i in range(4):
    Pt.forward(number of pixels)
    Pt.right(90)
    A square always has 
      -    4  equal sides
      -    90  degree angles
 
 

A LOOP WITHIN A LOOP
 
 
Something which is made by a loop,
can be copied in another position,
numerous times by another loop.
 
for i in range(number of times):            ENTER

    for i in range(number of times):        ENTER
         
          Pt.forward(number of pixels)      ENTER   
          Pt.right(90)                      ENTER, BACKSPACE ONCE
    Pt.right(90)                            ENTER
 
 
The loop, inside, makes the square –
    

    for i in range(number of times):          
          Pt.forward(number of pixels)        
          Pt.right(90)

 
The loop, outside, makes copies, a number of times –
for i in range(number of times):
 
        This changes the start angle for the next square, a further 90 degrees each time –
        Pt.right(90)                          
         

                    
TWO SQUARES

 
SAVE AS
 
>>> import turtle
>>> 
>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()
>>> 
>>> for i in range(2):
         for i in range(4):
              Pt.forward(200)
              Pt.right(90)
         Pt.right(90)
 
 
>>> turtle.done()
>>> 
 
SAVE

THREE SQUARES

SAVE AS

 

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>> 

>>> for i in range(3):

     for i in range(4):

          Pt.forward(200)

          Pt.right(90)

     Pt.right(90)

 

 

>>> 

>>> turtle.done()

>>>

SAVE

FOUR SQUARES

 

SAVE AS

 

>>> import turtle

>>>

>>> Pt = turtle.Turtle()

>>>

>>> for i in range(4):

     for i in range(4):

          Pt.forward(200)

          Pt.right(90)

     Pt.right(90)

 

    

>>>

>>> turtle.done()

>>>

SAVE

Four Squares -

For i in range(4):

    For i in range(4):

        Pt.forward(number of             pixels)

        Pt.right(90)

    Pt.right(90)

THE FOUR QUADRANTS

In this arrangement  -

Each square is called a  quadrant.

"Quad"    means     "four".

The quadrant is the space,

also known as the "area".

This is how I have numbered them.

0    is the    "Origin".

THE GRID

If we look at the lines,

each square has equal sides,

and all the squares are the same.

We can say that each side is

1 “unit”, or amount.

Then, we can say,

all the horizontal lines are    X

and,

all the vertical lines are    Y

We can also say,

that    X    to the right of    0,

And    Y    above    0,

have positive    “+”    numbers,

adding to    0.

And,

that    X    to the left of    0,

and    Y    below    0,

have negative    “-“    numbers,

taking away from    0.

POINTS ON THE GRID

Where the lines meet,

we can call those “points”.

0    The Origin, is a point.

We can say,

0    The Origin, is at,

x  =  0    and,

y  =  0

We can write its position as,

    (0,0)  

For any point on the grid,

we can write its position as,

    (x,y)  

(c) Katherine Stuart 2020

Dochas Books Film